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Welcome to Lesson 6. This lesson explains pronouns.
Personal Pronouns
(1) Subject, Object, and Accusative Pronouns:
Io/me (I/me), tu/te (thou/thee), el/lo (he/him), ela/la (she/her)
Noi/ne (we/us), voi/ve (ye/you), eli/i (they masc./them masc.), ele/le (they fem./them
fem.)
* The 'ne/ve/lo/la/i/le' pronouns are only used when they precede the verb they are
the object of.
(2) Dative Pronouns:
Mi, ti, lui, si, ni, vi, loro
(3) Reflexive Pronouns:
Me (myself), te (yourself), se (he/she/themselves), ne (ourselves), ve
(yourselves)
(4) Possessive Pronouns:
Meo (my), tuo (thy), suo (his/her), nostro (our), vostro
(your), loro (their)
NOTE: All are like adjectives except 'loro'.
Examples of use:
(1) Ela sta a Roma. = She lives in Rome.
(2) Ele fecuro chesta pro noi? = They did this for us?
(3) Tu ne chiami. = You're calling us.
(4) Da mi una mana. = Give me a hand.
(5) Com ve chiamate? = What is your name? (polite)
(6) Mei ochi sun bruni. = My eyes are brown.
(7) Sortite i vostri carneti. = Take out your notebooks.
Out of politeness, in Romana, you address people of higher ranking or
strangers using the plural form of "you", "voi".
Demonstrative Pronouns
These are "chesto" and "chelo" (this and that,
respectively). Their forms are
like so:
| Singular Masc. |
Plural Masc. |
Singular Fem. |
Plural Fem. |
| chelo / chesto |
cheli / chesti |
chela / chesta |
chele / cheste |
Determinative Pronouns
There is "ipso" which means "oneself, one's own". Its
form is just like "chesto" and "chelo".
Sample phrase: "La casa de le femine este a le ipse." = "The women's house is
their own."
Interrogative and Relative Pronouns
Use "che" for objects. Use "chi" for "who", i.e. for
persons.
For "which", use "quale" instead of "che", if it is not a
person. Treat these as adjectives. If it is a person, use
"cui" ("kooey") for singular "whose", and "quaro" for plural
"whose".
Sample phrase:
"I omini quaro la casa ave arsa abitavan in citate."
"The men whose house burned lived in the city."
Indefinite Pronouns
You can create these by adding al- before the relative pronouns.
Sample phrase:
"La casa alcui pote ardere."
"Anyone's house can burn."
| Pronoun |
Meaning |
| alche, alquale |
anything, any |
| alcuno, alchi |
anyone |
| alquando |
anytime |
| chiche, chiquale |
every, everything |
| chicuno, chichi |
everyone |
| chicosa |
everything |
| chiquando |
every time |
| qualche, qualquale |
some, certain |
| qualcosa |
something |
| qualcuno, qualchi |
someone |
The bold parts can change, depending on their use in the sentence.
Adjectival Pronouns
These behave like adjectives.
| Pronoun |
Meaning |
| toto |
all |
| altro |
other |
| nutro |
neither |
| nulo |
no |
| solo |
only |
| uno |
one |
Correlative Pronouns
These all behave like adjectives.
| Interrogative |
Demonstrative |
Indefinite or Relative |
quale
what kind of, which |
tale
of such kind |
alconquale
of whatsoever kind |
quanto/coti
how much/how many |
tanto/toti
so much/so many |
alconquanto
alconcoti
of whatsoever size
of whatsoever number |
Example of using pronouns:
"Alconquale sia, elego che vedo." = "Whatever kind it might be, I choose what I
see."
"Quale pome sun le tue?" = "Which apples are yours?"
"L'istoria quale avo leta era longa." = "The story which I read was long."
"Tu avi tote vecture che no scii che facere co
ele."
= "You have so many cars you don't know what to do with them."
You'll have to practice these on your own.
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